//
//  ========================================================================
//  Copyright (c) 1995-2013 Mort Bay Consulting Pty. Ltd.
//  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
//  are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
//  and Apache License v2.0 which accompanies this distribution.
//
//      The Eclipse Public License is available at
//      http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
//
//      The Apache License v2.0 is available at
//      http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php
//
//  You may elect to redistribute this code under either of these licenses.
//  ========================================================================
//

package org.eclipse.jetty.util;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Log;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Logger;

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
 * Utf8 Appendable abstract base class
 *
 * This abstract class wraps a standard {@link java.lang.Appendable} and provides methods to append UTF-8 encoded bytes, that are converted into characters.
 *
 * This class is stateful and up to 4 calls to {@link #append(byte)} may be needed before state a character is appended to the string buffer.
 *
 * The UTF-8 decoding is done by this class and no additional buffers or Readers are used. The UTF-8 code was inspired by
 * http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
 *
 * License information for Bjoern Hoehrmann's code:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Bjoern Hoehrmann <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 **/
public abstract class Utf8Appendable
{
    protected static final Logger LOG = Log.getLogger(Utf8Appendable.class);
    public static final char REPLACEMENT = '\ufffd';
    private static final int UTF8_ACCEPT = 0;
    private static final int UTF8_REJECT = 12;

    protected final Appendable _appendable;
    protected int _state = UTF8_ACCEPT;

    private static final byte[] BYTE_TABLE =
    {
        // The first part of the table maps bytes to character classes that
        // to reduce the size of the transition table and create bitmasks.
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
         7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
         8,8,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
        10,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,3,3, 11,6,6,6,5,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
    };

    private static final byte[] TRANS_TABLE =
    {
        // The second part is a transition table that maps a combination
        // of a state of the automaton and a character class to a state.
         0,12,24,36,60,96,84,12,12,12,48,72, 12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,
        12, 0,12,12,12,12,12, 0,12, 0,12,12, 12,24,12,12,12,12,12,24,12,24,12,12,
        12,12,12,12,12,12,12,24,12,12,12,12, 12,24,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,24,12,12,
        12,12,12,12,12,12,12,36,12,36,12,12, 12,36,12,12,12,12,12,36,12,36,12,12,
        12,36,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12
    };

    private int _codep;

    public Utf8Appendable(Appendable appendable)
    {
        _appendable = appendable;
    }

    public abstract int length();

    protected void reset()
    {
        _state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
    }

    public void append(byte b)
    {
        try
        {
            appendByte(b);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public void append(byte[] b, int offset, int length)
    {
        try
        {
            int end = offset + length;
            for (int i = offset; i < end; i++)
                appendByte(b[i]);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public boolean append(byte[] b, int offset, int length, int maxChars)
    {
        try
        {
            int end = offset + length;
            for (int i = offset; i < end; i++)
            {
                if (length() > maxChars)
                    return false;
                appendByte(b[i]);
            }
            return true;
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    protected void appendByte(byte b) throws IOException
    {

        if (b > 0 && _state == UTF8_ACCEPT)
        {
            _appendable.append((char)(b & 0xFF));
        }
        else
        {
            int i = b & 0xFF;
            int type = BYTE_TABLE[i];
            _codep = _state == UTF8_ACCEPT ? (0xFF >> type) & i : (i & 0x3F) | (_codep << 6);
            int next = TRANS_TABLE[_state + type];

            switch(next)
            {
                case UTF8_ACCEPT:
                    _state=next;
                    if (_codep < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE)
                    {
                        _appendable.append((char)_codep);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        for (char c : Character.toChars(_codep))
                            _appendable.append(c);
                    }
                    break;
                    
                case UTF8_REJECT:
                    String reason = "byte "+TypeUtil.toHexString(b)+" in state "+(_state/12);
                    _codep=0;
                    _state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
                    _appendable.append(REPLACEMENT);
                    throw new NotUtf8Exception(reason);
                    
                default:
                    _state=next;
                    
            }
        }
    }

    public boolean isUtf8SequenceComplete()
    {
        return _state == UTF8_ACCEPT;
    }

    public static class NotUtf8Exception extends IllegalArgumentException
    {
        public NotUtf8Exception(String reason)
        {
            super("Not valid UTF8! "+reason);
        }
    }

    protected void checkState()
    {
        if (!isUtf8SequenceComplete())
        {
            _codep=0;
            _state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
            try
            {
                _appendable.append(REPLACEMENT);
            }
            catch(IOException e)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            throw new NotUtf8Exception("incomplete UTF8 sequence");
        }
    }
    
    public String toReplacedString()
    {
        if (!isUtf8SequenceComplete())
        {
            _codep=0;
            _state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
            try
            {
                _appendable.append(REPLACEMENT);
            }
            catch(IOException e)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            Throwable th= new NotUtf8Exception("incomplete UTF8 sequence");
            LOG.warn(th.toString());
            LOG.debug(th);
        }
        return _appendable.toString();
    }
}
